I. Types of Immune Disorders
| Hyper- sensitivity Type |
Examples | Mechanism | Symptoms | Time for reaction to occur | Treatment and notes |
| Type 1 | bee stings penicillin atopic - allergy |
IgE
degranulation of basophils Histamin, Seratonin, Leukotrines In Serum |
acute-anaphylaxis Urticaria (hives), Rash, Breathing difficulty, anaphylaxis |
Immediate
|
Adrenalin,
Epinephrine smooth muscle relaxers |
| Type 2 | Transfusion reactions Rh reactions Thrombocytopenia Grave's |
B-cells make IgG and IgM Cellular |
cell destruction, chills, fever, jaundice or bleeding | Hours to days | none |
| Type 3 |
SLE rheumatoid arthritis, glomerulo-nephritis dengue *Guillain-Barre Reyes |
IgG In serum, complement,
|
depends on involvement - kidney, joint, lung, etc. | hours to days | steroids, to reduce inflammation |
| Type 4 Delayed Cellular Hyper-sensitivity |
Infection allergy contact dermatitis, transplant (formaldehyde, metals, poison ivy and oak |
T cells | induration,
necrosis
|
days | steroids, removal of allergic agent |
II. Immune Deficiency Diseases
A. B-cell deficiencies
1. Bruton's agammaglobulinemia - low to absent levels of all five classes of Ig
a. treated with gammaglobulin
B. - T-cell deficiency
1. DiGeorge's syndrome - contract parasitic and fungal diseases
a. treated by thymus transplants
C. SCID - Severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome
1. David - boy in bubble
D. Other miscellaneous conditions
1. complement deficiencies
2. specific cellular deficiencies
3. Acquired deficiencies - AIDS, results of toxins, chemotherapy
E. Cancer - all immune deficiency conditions are associated
with an increased rate in the incidence of cancer.
Objectives
1. Describe the four main types of hypersensitivity.
2. Explain anaphylaxis, the contributing factors and its
medical significance.
3. Characterize the cause hay fever and other atopic diseases.
4. Discuss the conditions that can lead to a transfusion
reaction when the inappropriate blood types are mixed.
5. Define hemolytic disease of the newborn and explain the
cause, effect and means of prevention.
6. Explain the Immune Complex diseases, the important
mediators, symptoms and examples.
7. Describe cellular hypersensitivity specifically explain
what is meant by infection allergy and contact dermatitis.
8. Discuss the Immune deficiency diseases discussed in
lecture and mechanisms of treating these syndromes.
Bakersfield College | Kern Community College District |
Janet Fulks
1801 Panorama Dr. - Bakersfield, CA 93305 - (661)395-4381
Date last updated
10/26/2010
ŠJanet Fulks