Lab 18 - HIV and Hypersensitivities

Name_________________

Objectives:

  1. Compare and contrast the four types of hypersensitivity or immune disorders.

  2. Explain anaphylaxis, the contributing factors and its medical significance.

  3. Analyze and identify the type of hypersensitivity when given a set of symptoms.

  4. Describe several autoimmune diseases and the tests used to identify them.

  5. Create a flow chart describing the immune changes characteristic of HIV/AIDS.

Types of Immune Disorders

Hyper-sensitivity Type

Examples

Mechanism

Symptoms

Time for reaction to occur

Treatment

and notes

Type 1

Anaphylactic

bee stings
penicillin
atopic - allergy

 

 

 

 

Type 2

Cytolytic

Transfusion reactions
Rh reactions
Thrombocytopenia
Grave's

 

 

 

 

Type 3

Immune Complex

SLE
rheumatoid arthritis

glomerulo-nephritis
dengue
*Guillain-Barre
Reyes

 

 

 

 

Type 4

Delayed Cellular Hyper-sensitivity

Infection allergy
contact dermatitis

(formaldehyde, metals, poison ivy and oak

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 2. Define anaphylaxis using a reaction to a specific allergen known to cause anaphylactic shock. Describe what is happening in the cell below and the methods of treatment for anaphylaxis.

 

 

 3. Using the chart of symptoms below identify the type of hypersensitivity.

Symptoms  Type of Hypersensitivity
Highly reactive skin condition with tissue destruction and blisters  
Severe difficulty breathing characterized by wheezing, coughing and production of thick, sticky mucus and constriction of smooth muscles  
Destruction of fetal red blood cells in utero  
Depositing of immune complexes in capillaries interfering with kidney function  
Simultaneous release of histamine and inflammatory mediators into the blood by degranulating mast cells causing life-threatening symptoms of shock  

 4. What are the causes of autoimmune diseases?

 

 

5. Match the following single organ autoimmune diseases with the cells, tissues or organs they affect.

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia                A. Nervous tissue

Type I diabetes                                          B. Endocrine organs

Graves Disease                                        C. Blood cells

Multiple sclerosis                                      D. Connective tissue

Rheumatoid Arthritis                                E. Digestive organs

 

6. Describe the characteristics of HIV/AIDS.

 

 

7. Draw a flow chart of the normal immune system and identify where HIV/AIDS alters normal immune functions.

 

 

 

 

 

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Bakersfield College | Kern Community College District | Dr. Janet Fulks
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Date last updated 10/10/2010
ŠJanet Fulks