General Microbiology Bio 16
Term Fall 2011   Bakersfield College
CRN
74595 MW

CRN 74594 TTH

Units: 5.00                                  Dates: 8/22/2011-12/9/2011 (16 weeks)

Prerequisite: Any college level chemistry and any college level biology course with a grade of 'C' or better. Description: Introduction to the study of microorganisms. Topics include: survey of microorganisms, history, physical and chemical agents, bacterial genetics, bacterial metabolism, bacterial diseases by transmission, fungal and protozoal infections, viral diseases, immunology, public health and epidemiology, nosocomial infections, biogenetic engineering, applications to food, water and sewage treatment. Field trips required.

Instructor: Janet Fulks     phone: 395- 4381     Office: SE 36 (across from the lab)     jfulks@bc.cc.ca.us

Office Hours: Anytime by appointment; Office hours MW 7:30- 8:00; TTH 2-3Virtual Office hour Sunday 4-5:30PM;

Class Hours and location: Lab and Lecture are in the same location and both class meetings are required for the time indicated each day.  Lecture MW 8:00 - 9:25 AM SE 37 immediately followed by the Lab MW 9:35 - 12:45 PM SE 37.

Textbooks: Required:

Microbiology with Diseases by Body System.  Bauman, R.W. Third Edition, Robert  ISBN 0321712714:

Lab Manual for Microbiology by Janet Fulks – Available free, on-line at the class website www2.bakersfieldcollege.edu/bio16

Website: The class schedule and lecture notes are available on the web. These may be accessed at www2.bakersfieldcollege.edu/bio16. Save this as a favorite on your computer to access the website readily remember to REFRESH for updates.

Other required materials found in the bookstore:

Description: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Office\MEDIA\OFFICE11\Bullets\BD21301_.gif  i>clicker: ISBN: 0-7167-7939-0

 (You must have a copy of the text and an i> clicker by the 2nd week of class.)

Optional:

·         Highly suggested is the The Sanford Guide to Antimicrobial Therapy 2010 (40th edition), which can be ordered online or by phone for approximately $$15.95 or a larger print edition for $ 29.95 http://www.sanfordguide.com/  The electronic version for PDA’s may not be used in class.

Prerequisites: A college level Chemistry course and a college level Biology course.
It is highly recommended that you DO NOT take Anatomy or Physiology concurrently with Microbiology.

Course Assessment Activities

Students in this course will be asked to participate in a variety of course assessment activities. Some of these activities will occur periodically throughout the semester and will be not be graded. The goal is to gather evidence to determine whether the course is accomplishing the defined Microbiology learning outcomes. Some of these activities will assess your own learning skills and some will address my teaching strategies; ultimately these assessment activities will contribute to improving the course and enhancing your knowledge of how you learn.

IMPORTANT INFORMATION about BAKERSFIELD COLLEGE

Description: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Office\MEDIA\OFFICE11\Bullets\BD21301_.gifFinancial Aid – information available at                                                             http://www.bakersfieldcollege.edu/finaid/

There are numerous local, state and federal scholarships for students. Please take a moment to check them out at http://www.bakersfieldcollege.edu/finaid/Programs.asp

Description: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Office\MEDIA\OFFICE11\Bullets\BD21301_.gifFile for Graduation and your degree- Students must file for graduation before the following approximate deadline dates: Fall Graduation- Nov 1; Spring Graduation- April 1, Summer Graduation- June 1. DO APPLY!

**Students completing the allied health pathway have generally completed the requirements for an Associate’s Degree in Human Biology.

 It is advisable that students do their own unofficial graduation check by using the what-if-degree evaluation. Students are only allowed to file for graduation during their final semester at BC. The following procedures must be followed. A "What-If- Evaluation" can be obtained by logging into MyBanWeb and choosing a graduation evaluation for your major using a BC, CSU, or IGETC general educational pattern. Students should bring a printed copy of their "What-If Evaluation" for the semester, in which they are applying to graduate, to a counselor or advisor.

Description: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Office\MEDIA\OFFICE11\Bullets\BD21301_.gifStudents on EOP&S, call (661) 395-4351, or contact the EOP&S Office in the Student Services building, room SS-182 reception area.

"Students with disabilities who believe they may need accommodations in this class are encouraged to contact Disabled Student Programs & Services located at Student Services Building, 1st Floor, Counseling Center (661-395-4334), as soon as possible to better ensure such accommodations are implemented in a timely fashion."

It is your responsibility to make these arrangements well in advance of any exam or assignment and to inform the instructor. Microbiology tests often involve lab portions that must be set up days in advance.

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Manage Your Time

The average number of hours per week that community college students work is 32 hours per week.  You may want to reconsider the number of hours you work.

Every hour of class work equates to two hours outside of class – you may need to reconsider the amount of time you spend in class and outside of class.

College requires reading, really digesting the textbook AND using other online and library resources to apply the class material to real life – you may want to reconsider your study time.

 

IMPORTANT INFORMATION ABOUT THIS MICROBIOLOGY COURSE

Microbiology Student Learning Outcomes

This class investigates new and exciting material about microbes and our world, including health concerns, microbial anatomy and physiology, genetics, epidemiology, and use of antimicrobials and disinfectants. Your grade will be based upon know and what you can do upon completion of this course. Expectations for this course are explicitly described in the table below:

Student Learning Outcomes for Microbiology B16

Domain

Specific Outcomes

Final Assessment Method

Knowledge/ Cognitive

Following Completion of the Microbiology Course (B16) students will be able to:

 

Cell Theory

 

Compare and contrast the characteristics for various microbes with regards to infections, treatment, and control. (This includes prions, viruses, bacteria, protozoans, and multicellular parasites.)

Comparative table & Gram Stain and Isolation Test

Microbial Interactions

Explain the dynamics of commensal, opportunistic, and pathological relationships particularly between microbes and humans.

Case studies
Multiple choice exam questions Live Patient Final

Microbial Control

Evaluate and apply the proper methods of microbial control necessary in sample scenarios or case studies

Case studies
Multiple choice exam questions

Microbial Metabolism

Describe microbial metabolic pathways in general terms and specifically evaluate the implications for food production and human disease.

Labeled diagram
Flow chart
Senior Picnic

Microbial Genetics

Summarize basic bacterial genetic principles and analyze consequences of mutation and genetic recombination.

Multiple choice exam questions
Case Study & Chart

Immune Response

Articulate and diagram the role of the immune system in maintaining homeostasis, challenging infections, and fighting cancer.

Flow chart

Skills/ Psychomotor

Following Completion of the Microbiology Course (B16) students will be able to:

 

Scientific Method Application

Apply the scientific method by stating a question; researching the topic; determining appropriate tests; performing tests; collecting, analyzing, and presenting data; and finally proposing new questions about the topic.

One team project (Senior Picnic lab) & One individual project (Unknown lab)

Lab Safety Skills

Correctly perform microbiologic lab skills and display a habit of good lab practices which extends to relevant situations in the student’s homes.

Components of labs and Gram stain and isolation skills test

Attitudes and behavior/ Affective

Following Completion of the Microbiology Course (B16) students will be able to:

 

Information Competency

Retrieve, evaluate, and use contemporary microbiologic information.

Project - Microbiologic Pamphlet or 3 D project


 

General Education Outcomes for Microbiology B16

These general education outcomes are assessed throughout the course using various projects, case studies, lab assignments, quizzes, and test questions.  These skills have been specifically addressed in General Education courses (e.g. Speech, English 1A, etc.) and integrate into the work of Microbiology to successfully complete this course.

Area

Outcomes

Upon completing the BC Microbiology Course the student will be able to apply the following skills to the discipline of Microbiology:

Communication in the English Language and Critical Thinking

Oral Communication

1.       Form and present informative persuasive messages.

2.       Demonstrate competence in both active and empathic listening.

3.       Present oral messages to appropriate audiences and adhere to conventions of message delivery.

4.       Manage personal communication apprehension and anxiety.

Written Communication

1.       Identify the controlling idea and the main points of college-level expository & argumentative essays.

2.       Evaluate expository & argumentative essays through the application of critical thinking techniques.

3.       Write logical & coherent expository & argumentative essays, summaries & paraphrases using correctly the standard conventions of written English.

Critical Thinking (Critical thinking is the rational & reflective process of making & supporting judgments).

1.       Make judgments that skillfully interpret information and phenomena.

2.       Skillfully support judgments.

3.       Identify & skillfully explore assumptions, implications, and alternatives to judgments.

4.       Identify & differentiate statements of opinion, matters of fact, and arguments.

5.       Analyze arguments into supporting judgments and supported judgments.

6.       Skillfully evaluate judgments.

7.       Skillfully evaluate the support for judgments.

(Specifically by evaluating and analyzing simulated and real patient case studies by developing a differential diagnoses, identifying key factors, and determining a treatment strategy.)

Physical Universe and Life Forms

 

Natural Sciences

1.       Demonstrate knowledge of natural phenomena and recognize the processes that explain them.

2.       Demonstrate knowledge of scientific methodologies when solving a problem. . (Specifically applying the metric system using standard laboratory equipment. Systematically collect, organize, and present appropriate data in graphs, tables, or figures. Assess the validity of the data and interpret it correctly.)

Mathematics and Logic (Analytical Thinking)

Apply formal systems of reasoning in solving problems or analyzing arguments.

Lifelong Understanding and Self-Development

Lifelong Understanding and Self-Development

1.       Critically examine the development of the individual as an integrated physiological, psychological, spiritual, and social being.

2.       Identify, describe and explain the interactions of the internal and external influences and effects in human development and behavior over the course of the human life span.

(Specifically by assessing their own preferred learning style and steps to improve their learning)

Social, Political, Legal, and Economic Institution and Behavior; Historical Background

 

Foundations in the Behavioral Sciences

1.       Demonstrate an understanding of the perspectives, theories, methods and core concepts of the behavioral sciences.

2.       Explain the major problems and issues in the disciplines in their contemporary, historical and geographical contexts.

3.       Demonstrate an understanding of and an ability to describe the contributions and perspectives of women, ethnic and other minorities, and Western and non-Western peoples.

Foundations in the Social Sciences

4.       Demonstrate an understanding of the perspectives, theories, methods and core concepts of the social sciences.

5.       Explain the major problems and issues in the disciplines in their contemporary, historical and geographical contexts.

6.       Demonstrate an understanding of and an ability to describe the contributions and perspectives of women, ethnic and other minorities, and Western and non-Western peoples.

American (U.S.) Institutions

7.       Demonstrate an understanding of the perspectives, theories, methods and core concepts of the social sciences.

8.       Explain the major problems and issues in the disciplines in their contemporary, historical and geographical contexts.

9.       Demonstrate an understanding of and an ability to describe the contributions and perspectives of women, ethnic and other minorities, and Western and non-Western peoples

Workplace Skills

Information Competency  and Technology Skills

Access and evaluate microbiological data from a variety of sources including the Internet. Use technology to email, produce documents and create graphs and tables for reports.

Ethics and Professionalism
Integrate knowledge and make informed judgments based upon sound assessment of data balanced with concern for individuals.

Teamwork and Project Management Skills

Effectively work in teams, managing time, tasks and personality differences; sharing results and analyses in order to arrive at a final collaborative product.

 

 

How do we learn?

Use all of your brain in order to learn things for long term learning.

 

              Description: http://www.epilepsyfoundation.org/answerplace/Medical/seizures/science/brain/images/69920420.gif

National Training Laboratories Learning Pyramid Relating Learning Activities to Learning Retention


Attendance and Assignments Policies:

Students are expected to attend ALL lecture and laboratory class meetings, be on time, and personally take responsibility for their own learning. This includes completion of all class assignments on the assigned due dates, and attendance on scheduled test dates. Assignments must be turned in prior to the beginning of class on the date indicated by the schedule or they will not be accepted.

Missed assignments, due to an excused absence such as illness, are due the day you return at the beginning of class and accepted only if a message was received prior to the absence. Absence from an exam, for unavoidable reasons, will result in loss of points, unless alternative plans were previously arranged.  Any student acquiring three absences from the lab or lecture will be dropped from the class. *Tardiness resulting in a missed quiz will mean lost points; there are no late or make up quizzes. If you drop the class, it is your responsibility to inform the instructor and the Office of Admissions and Records. Students are responsible for all class material presented when they are absent.

       Regular on time attendance, participation in class discussion, and completed lab work will contribute favorably to borderline final grades.

Field Trips - There will be a field trip to a Microbiology Lab. Students will arrange their own transportation. Details for the field trip to be announced. If you are unable to attend this trip, speak with the instructor.

Location:

Time:

Date:

Materials:

The following supplies must be purchased for this class:

i>clicker: ISBN: 0-7167-7939-0

latex gloves (30-40 pairs)

small notebook - for clinical notebook

1 packages of answer green scantrons -

Three ring binder for lab manual and lab work

FOR ROLL CALL/IN CLASS REGISTRATION:

"You are required to purchase an i>clicker remote for in‐class participation. i>clicker is a response system that allows you to respond to questions I pose during class; you will be graded on that feedback and/or participation. Each clicker has a unique serial number on the back of the remote. Place a piece of scotch tape over that bar code and ID to preserve it. In order to receive credit for your votes, you will need to register your i>clicker remote in class. I will project a Registration screen with 3 steps to follow (look for your [student ID], which will alphabetically scroll down the screen). Once your remote is registered, your [student ID] will no longer appear on that scrolling list and you are registered for the entire term. If for some reason you can’t follow these steps, I will need to register you by [alternative policy] by the second week of class. i>clicker will be used regularly in class, and you are responsible for bringing your remote daily."

Cheating Policy:

Cheating or plagiarism in any form is not tolerated and will result in a zero on that assignment/test and possible DISMISSAL from class. The work you submit must be original: your work and your words. You may discuss lab work and collaborate on data but the final writing must be independent and originally yours. Common wording will be considered plagiarism. Please cite any authors whose information or artwork you use, copy, paste or quote. Works cited will be referenced; fabricated references are considered cheating, resulting in a zero. This policy is not negotiable. For more information, see Avoiding Plagiarism at the Purdue University website http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/589/01/

Also check out this self-test http://www.georgebrown.ca/saffairs/stusucc/plagiarism/selfassessment.aspx#start

 

 

Clinical Notebook:  -  

This small notebook with removable pages will include a summary of the organisms that we study, a section on antibiotics, and normal lab results, and other topics of your choice. The notebook serves as a personal reference manual and aid during the laboratory, and can be used for some specified exams. The contents must be completely done by you, as an individual, no group or duplicated material is allowed and it cannot contain downloads from the Internet, or Xeroxed information. Copying and pasting without proper citation is plagiarism and results in a zero for the entire assignment resulting in loss of the notebook, for more information see http://www.bakersfieldcollege.edu/library/cite.asp

If you choose to word process your pages, each page must have a header with your name and the date created which are justified to the right. The notebook is not graded and it is your choice as to whether you wish to create one or not. The production of the notebook is a significant tool for studying and an opportunity to create your own resource rather than memorizing details in the class and students report it is a useful study tool.

The organization of the notebook will depend upon your learning style and needs. You may want to organize the organisms by infections within body systems, or agent type, or alphabetical order. You may use tables, flow charts, or pictures. Because the notebook may be used on exams or quizzes, PDA’s and other electronic devices may not be used.

Group project grading:

All group work will be handed in with the group project grading form available in class or on-line. This is a form indicating the percent and type of work each team member contributed.  All work handed in must be original. The entire group is responsible for correctly citing outside work and should not copy and paste or plagiarize when researching information.

 

EXTRA POINTS:

Students always want to know about extra points but in this class the emphasis is on the 1000 points earned through the required work. Some extra points can be gained when all the quiz and lab scores are turned in and extra quizzes or labs are available that can be completed with the new score replacing your lowest score.  HOWEVER, if you email the instructor within 24 hours of receiving your copy of the syllabus, indicating you have read and understood it, you will receive 1 extra credit point and I can be sure your email address is accurate for future contacts. In addition, if a case dramatization is done to replace a case study – students in the class diagnosing the correct identification will be given an extra point.


 

Grading:

For help in studying and achieving the grade you desire see the link to "Making the A", take the Learning Analysis Self-Exam, and implement the learning strategies appropriate for your learning style. In addition, follow the handout and web linked article Papers in Microbiology.

Number

Assessment Type and Value

Total Points

3

Exams @ 100pts

300

1

Final @ 200 pts.

200

1

Gram Stain and Isolation Technique Test

20

6

Quizzes @ 10pts (lowest dropped)

60

20

Lab Reports @10 pts. each

200

4

Team Case Studies @ 25

100

1

Projects @ 50 pts. (3D, Pamphlet)

50

1

Unknown Identification & Workup         

50

1

Senior Picnic (Team project)

20

 

Total Points Possible

1000

Labs will be graded as follows: 10 pts. = completed without any errors; 8 pts. = one or two errors; 6 pts.- incomplete answers, 4 pts.-incomplete answers with errors, 0 pts.-late or not handed in.

Final Grading Criteria

Projects

The following project choices are summarized for quick reference. A full explanation can be found at the website with grading information and instructions.

3-Dimensional Microbial Model Assignment –50 points -

The 3 Dimensional Microbial Model Project creates an actual model of a microbe. Students may elect to work cooperatively with a partner.  Models will be produced to scale, featuring the size, shape, structural components, and amount of DNA (or RNA for viruses) for the microbe the students select from a suggested list.  An oral presentation of the model with significant facts about the microbe and its pathological role will be delivered on the date assigned. The model project will be worth 50 points and graded by the criteria found in the online grading sheet. For more information see http://www2.bc.cc.ca.us/bio16/project3D.htm

                                                              or

Pamphlet Project – 50 points –

The pamphlet project produces a single page tri-fold as an educational strategy, such as Preventing Food Infections in the Kitchen, Childhood Immunizations, or Transmission of Sexually Transmitted Diseases. The objectives of this project are to work as a team researching and producing a pamphlet to a "target" population with the appropriate level and type of information. The latest information on the topic should be researched on the Internet. Clipart, photos, graphs or tables that enhance the information are important, but all must be properly cited. This assignment requires that the team meet with the instructor once to discuss the ideas, topic, and due date before final production occurs. For more information, refer to the online description and rubric. http://www2.bc.cc.ca.us/bio16/microbiological_pamphlet_product.htm


 

Description: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Office\MEDIA\CAGCAT10\j0305257.wmf

                       
Semester Microbiology Grading Sheet                 Description: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Office\MEDIA\CAGCAT10\j0305257.wmf

Exams      Points

Points earned

Quizzes @10 pts.
60 total

Points earned

Case Studies @25  total possible 100

Points earned

Projects

 

Points earned

Exam 1           100

 

Quiz1

 

Team Case 1

 

Unknown @ 50

 

Exam2            100

 

Quiz2

 

Team Case 2

 

Senior picnic@ 20

 

Gram Stain &   20 Isolation Streak Test

 

Quiz3

 

Team Case 3

 

Project

either

 

Exam 3           100

 

Quiz4

 

Team Case 4

 

 3D Project @ 50

 

Final Exam     200

 

Quiz5

 

 

 

 Pamphlet @ 50

 

 

 

Quiz6

 

 

 

 

 

 

Extra Quiz replaces lowest

 

 

 

 

 

TOTAL

 

TOTAL

 

TOTAL

 

Total

 

Lab 1 @ 10pts

 

   Lab 7 @ 10pts

 

Lab 13 @ 10pts

 

Lab 19 @ 10pts

 

Lab 2 @ 10pts

 

Lab 8 @ 10pts

 

Lab 14 @ 10pts

 

Lab 20 @ 10pts

 

Lab 3 @ 10pts

 

Lab 9 @ 10pts

 

Lab 10 @ 10pts

 

Lab      @ 10pts

 

Lab 4 @ 10pts

 

Lab 10 @ 10pts

 

Lab 16 @ 10pts

 

Lab      @ 10pts

 

Lab 5 @ 10pts

 

Lab 11 @ 10pts

 

Lab 17 @ 10pts

 

Lab      @ 10pts

 

Lab 6 @ 10pts

 

Lab 12 @ 10pts

 

Lab 18 @ 10pts

 

Lab       @ 10pts

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  Total labs

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The Grand Total divided by the number of points possible will give you your grade at any point in the semester.                                          

Grand Total                 

 


 

Your name

Microbiology Bio 16

Dr. Janet Fulks

January 2, 2011

Papers in Microbiology: Proper MLA Format, Spelling and Grammar

 

                When you hand in a paper, using the correct format it is like dressing properly for an interview. It will not cover up the fact if you are unprepared or did not spend adequate time researching and writing the paper, but it adds to a thoroughly done job making it a cut above the average. The majority of employers report that students graduating from college are deficient in writing, this is an effort to help you implement things learned in English 1A and to meet the expectations of the work world.

 

MLA format is taught in English 1A, if you transfer to a BSRN or Masters level program, you are expected to use a conventional format (MLA or  APA) and to use correct grammar and spelling. The following components are required for Microbiology papers (Case Studies, Research Projects, etc.).

1)      Set the margins– One inch all around (On the upper task bar go to File-> Page Setup-> Margins. Set the top, right, bottom, and left at 1.0).

2)      Set both the Header and Footer at 0.5.

3)      Set the page numbering and format it to state your name and the page number in the upper right hand corner.

4)      Set the heading on the first page, justified left, on the top line of the paper (see above)

Your name and lab partners’ names for team projects

Course

Professor’s name

Date (note the format day month year no commas) 26 January 2006

5)      Title the paper. The title should be centered and every word is capitalized, except for words that are three letters or less. The title should clearly indicate the contents of the paper; don’t title it Case Five, but rather Decubitus Infection - Case Study Five.

6)      Review the first draft. Check spelling and grammar. Use spell-check, although it will not always be right, and will miss incorrect words spelled correctly. In addition, spell check is not very scientific!

7)      Some common grammatical errors involve scientific nomenclature, check the correct spelling, underline all scientific names, capitalize or italicize the genus and use lower case on the species. Human beings are Homo sapiens or Homo sapiens.

8)      Read your paper aloud to catch other grammatical, verb tense and syntax errors.

9)      In text citations - if you paraphrase or use someone else’s idea or information, you must acknowledge that by placing their name and the date of the publication in parentheses after the text (Fulks, 2010). In text quotations – if you quote a source use quotations, then the author’s name, page number, and publication date in parentheses e.g. “quote” (Fulks, p. 9, 2010). Include a final page titles “Works Cited” and include the author, publication, date and page number or the author, date and webpage. More information about this is available on the BC website http://www.bc.cc.ca.us/library/cite.asp

10)   DO NOT use more than 15% of your paper in quotes, DO digest the information write it in your own words and credit the author.

DRAW A MAP OF THE LABORATORY

Names:_______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

This is a lab team effort. As a team you are to draw a map of the laboratory and the prep room. Label, by name and number, each of the following items.

  1. incubators - 4 (indicate temperature on thermometer of these incubators)
  2. microscopes & incinerators & Gram stain supplies
  3. clean glassware
  4. autoclave (steam sterilizer -  2 of these)
  5. test-tube racks
  6. hand-washing sink
  7. discard table for contaminated items
  8. discard area for dirty (but not contaminated) dishes -dishwasher
  9. box for broken glass
  10. slides & cover-slips
  11. labeling tape
  12. pencil sharpener
  13. fire extinguisher and fire blanket
  14. immersion oil and lens paper
  15. safety shower and eyewash station
  16. warming tray to fix slides
  17. extra supply of biohazard discard bags
  18. biosafety cabinets - 2
  19. deionized water supply and deionizer
  20. extra paper towels
  21. stapler & location to hand in papers
  22. resource books
  23. refrigerators
  24. disinfectant, buckets, and sponges
  25. draw an arrow to the restrooms

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Description: C:\Users\Janet\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\Temporary Internet Files\Content.IE5\Z85U3383\MP900406841[1].jpgMicrobial Risk Levels

            This is the official symbol for biological hazards.

Disposal of these wastes or materials possibly contaminated with these wastes is strictly regulated. We will follow the regulations in the disposal of all wastes in this class and each team will be responsible for waste streaming for 2 weeks of the semester. The CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), NIH (National Institutes of Health), and World health organization (WHO) classify microorganisms into four biosafety levels based on their known hazards and recommended safety precautions. The biosafety levels are defined as follows and are accompanied by precautions which will be required in class.  Please see the official CDC classification at http://www.cdc.gov/od/ohs/biosfty/bmbl4/bmbl4s3.htm

Biosafety Level

Safety Classification

Precautions

1

Biosafety Level 1 is suitable for work involving well-characterized agents not known to consistently cause disease in healthy adult humans, and of minimal potential hazard to laboratory personnel and the environment. The laboratory is not necessarily separated from the general traffic patterns in the building.

Standard equipment and standard practices. No special precautions - barrier protection- lab coats, gloves, lab glasses. Work is generally conducted on open bench tops using standard microbiological practices.

Special containment equipment or facility design is neither required nor generally used. Laboratory personnel have specific training in the procedures conducted in the laboratory and are supervised by a scientist with general training in microbiology or a related science

2

Biosafety Level 2 is similar to Biosafety Level 1 and is suitable for work involving agents of moderate potential hazard to personnel and the environment. It differs from BSL-1 in that laboratory personnel have specific training in handling pathogenic agents and are directed by competent scientists. Access to the laboratory is limited when work is being conducted

Standard equipment and standard practices. Some special precautions Open bench or safety cabinet to prevent aerosol formation; barrier protection- lab coats, gloves, lab glasses. Extreme precautions are taken with contaminated sharp items; and certain procedures in which infectious aerosols or splashes may be created are conducted in biological safety cabinets or other physical containment equipment.

3

Biosafety Level 3 is applicable to clinical, diagnostic, teaching, research, or production facilities in which work is done with indigenous or exotic agents which may cause serious or potentially lethal disease as a result of exposure by the inhalation route. Laboratory personnel have specific training in handling pathogenic and potentially lethal agents, and are supervised by competent scientists who are experienced in working with these agents.

All procedures involving the manipulation of infectious materials are conducted within biological safety cabinets; barrier protection- lab coats, gloves, lab glasses; The laboratory has special engineering and design features such as negative pressure; contained wastes (i.e., double-door access zone and sealed penetrations).

4

Biosafety Level 4 is required for work with dangerous and exotic agents that pose a high individual risk of aerosol-transmitted laboratory infections and life-threatening disease. Members of the laboratory staff have specific and thorough training in handling extremely hazardous infectious agents and they understand the primary and secondary containment functions of the standard and special practices, the containment equipment, and the laboratory design characteristics. They are supervised by competent scientists who are trained and experienced in working with these agents. Access to the laboratory is strictly controlled by the laboratory director.

The facility is either in a separate building or in a controlled area within a building, which is completely isolated from all other areas of the building. Maximum containment lab with safety cabinets and extreme personal protection; controlled ventilation; disinfectant buffer zone; gasket control, extreme waste stream precautions.

Within work areas of the facility, all activities are confined to biological safety cabinets. The Biosafety Level 4 laboratory has special engineering and design features to prevent microorganisms from being disseminated into the environment.

 

*note: Immune compromised individuals are susceptible to risk even from biosafety level 1 organisms

Selected Examples of Organisms from Various Biosafety Levels

Biosafety Level 1

Biosafety Level 2

Biosafety Level 3

Biosafety Level 4

Bacillus subtilis (non-sporing)

Escherichia coli K-12

Adeno-associated viruses 1-4

T4 Bacteriophage

Saccharomyces cerevasiae

Rhizopus stolonifer

Candida albicans

Pseudomonas (GEM)

Infectious canine hepatitis

Staphylococcus aureus

Bacillus anthracis

Bordetella pertusis

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Other E. coli

Neisseria gonorrhoea

Streptococcus pyogenes

Vibrio cholera

Klebsiella sp

Proteus

Serratia marcescens

Rabies

Hepatitis A,B,C

Cryptococcus neoformans

Most parasitic agents

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Mycobacterium bovis

Brucella abortus

Pasteurella multocida

Yersinia pestis

Hanta virus

SLE virus

VEE virus

Rift Valley virus

Yellow fever virus

HIV

Coccidiodes immitis

Prions

No parasitic agents

No bacterial agents

No fungal agents

No parasitic agents

Ebola virus

Marburg virus

Lassa virus

Machupo virus

Herpesvirus simiae

Pfisteria

Hemorrhagic viruses and some encephalitis viruses

 

The organisms found in Biosafety level 1 are often genetically unable to invade human hosts.
To some extent these classifications may be misleading to microbiology students. E. coli classified at level 2 causes more nosocomial infections than any other single bacteria. It is also responsible for the death of many patients. Candida albicans, biosafety level 1, while a part of the normal flora found on many people, is often an agent leading to the demise of an immunocompromised patient when recovered from the blood. Coccidiodes immitis, the etiologic agent of Valley Fever and biosafety level 3, should be dealt with under a safety hood, yet it is prolific in the air and soil in Bakersfield. The classification is not based on their ability to produce disease, because under the right conditions any organism can produce disease, but on the safety concerns for a healthy individual when dealing with a known specimen. To show that you have read and understood this entire syllabus, email your instructor within 24 hours of receiving your copy. In the clinical lab we deal with all unknown specimens as though they are biosafety level 3, unless otherwise indicated.

Standard Microbiological Safety Practices http://www.cdc.gov/od/ohs/biosfty/bmbl4/bmbl4s3.htm#Biosafety%20Level%202%20 (BSL-2)

1. Access to the laboratory is limited or restricted.

2. Persons wash their hands after they handle viable materials, after removing gloves, and before leaving the laboratory.

3. Eating, drinking, smoking, handling contact lenses, applying cosmetics, and storing food for human use are not permitted in the work areas. Persons who wear contact lenses in laboratories should also wear goggles or a face shield. Food is stored outside the work area in cabinets or refrigerators designated and used for this purpose only.

4. Mouth pipetting is prohibited; mechanical pipetting devices are used.

5. Policies for the safe handling of sharps are instituted.

6. All procedures are performed carefully to minimize the creation of splashes or aerosols.

7. Work surfaces are decontaminated at least once a day and after any spill of viable material.

8. All cultures, stocks, and other regulated wastes are decontaminated before disposal by an approved decontamination method such as autoclaving. Materials to be decontaminated outside of the immediate laboratory are to be placed in a durable, leak-proof container and closed for transport from the laboratory. Materials to be decontaminated outside of the immediate laboratory are packaged in accordance with applicable local, state, and federal regulations before removal from the facility.

9. A biohazard sign can be posted at the entrance to the laboratory whenever infectious agents are present. The sign may include the name of the agent(s) in use and the name and phone number of the investigator.

10. An insect and rodent control program is in effect.

11. Spills and accidents that result in overt exposures to infectious materials are immediately reported to the laboratory director. Medical evaluation, surveillance, and treatment are provided as appropriate and written records are maintained.

12. Children and animals are not permitted in the lab.

B. Special Practices

1. Access to the laboratory is limited or restricted by the laboratory director when work with infectious agents is in progress. In general, persons who are at increased risk of acquiring infection, or for whom infection may have serious consequences, are not allowed in the laboratory or animal rooms. For example, persons who are immunocompromised or immunosuppressed may be at increased risk of acquiring infections. The laboratory director has the final responsibility for assessing each circumstance and determining who may enter or work in the laboratory or animal room.

C. Safety Equipment (Primary Barriers)

1. Special containment devices or equipment such as a biological safety cabinet is generally not required for manipulations of agents assigned to Biosafety Level 1.

2. It is recommended that laboratory coats, gowns, or uniforms be worn to prevent contamination or soiling of street clothes.

3. Gloves should be worn if the skin on the hands is broken or if a rash is present. Alternatives to powdered latex gloves should be available.

4. Protective eyewear should be worn for conduct of procedures in which splashes of microorganisms or other hazardous materials is anticipated.

D. Laboratory Facilities (Secondary Barriers)

1. Laboratories should have doors for access control.

2. Each laboratory contains a sink for hand washing.

3. The laboratory is designed so that it can be easily cleaned. Carpets and rugs in laboratories are not appropriate.

4. Bench tops are impervious to water and are resistant to moderate heat and the organic solvents, acids, alkalis, and chemicals used to decontaminate the work surface and equipment.

5. Laboratory furniture is capable of supporting anticipated loading and uses. Spaces between benches, cabinets, and equipment are accessible for cleaning.

6. If the laboratory has windows that open to the exterior, they are fitted with fly screens.

 

When public conditions warrant the CDC publishes Health Alerts. Below are the various categories of Alerts

 

Categories of Health Alert Messages:

Health Alert

Conveys the highest level of importance; warrants immediate action or attention.

Health Advisory

Provides important information for a specific incident or situation; may not require immediate action.

Health Update

Provides updated information regarding an incident or situation; unlikely to require immediate action.

 

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Bakersfield College | Kern Community College District | Dr. Janet Fulks
1801 Panorama Dr. - Bakersfield, CA 93305 - (661)395-4381
Date last updated 08/22/2011
©Janet Fulks